初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

時(shí)間：2025-05-24 08:16:08 晶敏學(xué)人智庫(kù) 我要投稿

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　　表示動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系的句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，今天小編為大家整理的是初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡，歡迎閱讀參考。

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述

　　英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

　　例如：Many people speak Chinese.

　　謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

　　二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的�，F(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+spoken

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+spoken

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall be+spoken

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being+spoken

　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being+spoken

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been+spoken

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken

　　三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

　　(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

　　例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)

　　This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

　　(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

　　例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

　　This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。

　　Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

　　四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

　　(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

　　(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。

　　(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：

　　All the people laughed at him.

　　He was laughed at by all people.

　　They make the bikes in the factory.

　　The bikes are made by them in the factory.

　　He cut down a tree.

　　A tree was cut down by him.

　　五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。

　　We can repair this watch in two days.

　　This watch can be repaired in two days.

　　They should do it at once.

　　It should be done at once.

　　六、特殊情況

　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

　　The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

　　I am never let to watch TV by mother.

　　3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

　　(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

　　(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

　　延伸閱讀：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題

　　1 The Peoples Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

　　A. found

　　B. was founded

　　C. is founded

　　D. was found

　　2 English ____ in Canada.

　　A. speaks

　　B. are spoken

　　C. is speaking

　　D. is spoken

　　3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

　　A. often sings

　　B. often sang

　　C. is often sang

　　D. is often sung

　　4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

　　A, makes

　　B. made

　　C. is making

　　D. is made

　　5 New computers ___ all over the world.

　　A. is used

　　B. are using

　　C. are used

　　D. have used

　　6.Our room must ___ clean.

　　A. keep

　　B. be kept

　　C. to be kept

　　D. to keep

　　7.——Id like to buy that coat.

　　——Im sorry___.

　　A. it sold

　　B. its selling

　　C. Its been sold

　　D. it had been sold

　　8.A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

　　A. is building

　　B. is being built

　　C. been built

　　D. be building

　　9.The key ___ on the table when I left.

　　A. was left

　　B. will be left

　　C. is left

　　D. has been left

　　10.Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

　　A. need

　　B. are needing

　　C. are needed

　　D. will need

　　key:1-5 B D D D C 　　6-10 B C B A C

　　1．動(dòng)詞+介詞

　　He will be operated on by the best surgeon．他將由最好的外科醫(yī)生給他動(dòng)手術(shù)。

　　This matter has been carefully looked into．此事已得到仔細(xì)調(diào)查。

　　He is often laughed at by his classmates．他經(jīng)常被同學(xué)嘲笑。

　　2．動(dòng)詞+ 副詞

　　These problems have been seriously thought over．這些問(wèn)題已得到認(rèn)真考慮。

　　The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day．每天晚上11點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)燈。

　　The fire was soon put out．那場(chǎng)大火很快被撲滅。

　　3．動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

　　These privileges should be done away with．此類(lèi)特權(quán)應(yīng)該被取消。

　　Women were looked down upon in the past．?huà)D女過(guò)去受到歧視。

　　The lost time must be made up for.失去的時(shí)間必須補(bǔ)回來(lái)。

　　4．動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

　　The children have been taken good care of．這些孩子得到了很好的照料。

　　What they did have been paid great attention to．他們所做的一切已得到極大的關(guān)注。

　　Time is precious and should be made full use of.時(shí)間寶貴，應(yīng)該充分利用。

　　語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)

　　作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，是表示主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞行式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passive voice)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者即施動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者即受動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)態(tài)。例如：

　　(1) john helped peter.

　　(2) peter was helped by john.

　　句(1) helped是主動(dòng)態(tài)；句(2)was helped是被動(dòng)態(tài),可見(jiàn)主動(dòng)態(tài)是無(wú)標(biāo)記的，而被動(dòng)態(tài)是有標(biāo)記的。

　　構(gòu)成

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)之一和及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，其時(shí)態(tài)變化通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的不同形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為助動(dòng)詞am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為was/were + 過(guò)去分詞。本冊(cè)要掌握的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式有：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. football is played all over the world.

　　i’m often asked to do this work.

　　我常常被派做這項(xiàng)工作。

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were +過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi’an.

　　they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.

　　when was thebuilding completed?

　　這座大樓什么時(shí)候建成的？

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will (shall) + be +過(guò)去分詞

　　be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.

　　they are going to be given a difficult test.

　　一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should(would) be+過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon.

　　he told me that the film would be shown the next week.

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. the new airport is being built by aforeign company.

　　一家外國(guó)公司正在承建這座新機(jī)場(chǎng)。

　　the song is being sung by the girls now.

　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being+過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.

　　the student was being criticized when i went into the

　　teacher’s office.

　　將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will have been+過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. by theendof next term XX english words will

　　have been learned.

　　the building will have been built by next year.

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have + bee n +過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. all the tickets have been sold .

　　the book has been translated into many languages.

　　這本書(shū)已被譯成多種語(yǔ)言。

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been+過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. forty schools had beenvisited by last year.

　　all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.

　　過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：would have been+過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. he said many words would have been learned by XX.

　　they promised that ten books would have been published

　　by the next month.

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. this road must be mended.

　　the machine parts may be needed in our work.

　　工作中可能需要這些機(jī)器零部件。

　　動(dòng)詞不定式：to be + 過(guò)去分詞

　　e.g. i’m glad to be asked questions.

　　it is impossible for lost time to be made up.

　　失去的時(shí)間不可彌補(bǔ)。

　　主要用法

　　被動(dòng)態(tài)常用于下列幾種場(chǎng)合：

　　1．當(dāng)不知道或不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)（這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語(yǔ)）；

　　printing was introduced into europefromchina.

　　印刷術(shù)是從中國(guó)引入歐洲的。

　　the airplane was made in u.s.

　　such books are written for children. 這種書(shū)是為兒童寫(xiě)的。

　　2. 動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心（這時(shí)可帶有由by引起的短語(yǔ)）；

　　the songwas composed by a student.

　　這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫(xiě)的。

　　thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.

　　3. 出于禮貌措詞等原因而不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

　　you are requested to get here in time.

　　請(qǐng)您準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)這兒。

　　帶行為主體的被動(dòng)態(tài)

　　行為主體就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，即執(zhí)行動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的人或物。在被動(dòng)句中，往往不提及行為主體；但當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可用介詞by引出行為( by +主體行為主體),置于被動(dòng)態(tài)句的末尾，說(shuō)明是什么人或物應(yīng)對(duì)有關(guān)事件負(fù)責(zé)。

　　e.g. the village was destroyed by a bomb.

　　這個(gè)村莊毀于炸彈。

　　the painting is very valuable. it was painted by van gogh.

　　這幅畫(huà)很值錢(qián)，它是梵高畫(huà)的。

　　其它用法補(bǔ)充

　　1.“it + 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+ that 從句”。表示謹(jǐn)慎或不太肯定的語(yǔ)氣。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。

　　e.g. it is said that prices will rise again this month.

　　據(jù)說(shuō)本月物價(jià)還將上漲。

　　it is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.

　　據(jù)認(rèn)為每年約有一百條狗出生。

　　it is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.

　　據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)所有乘客在那次飛機(jī)墜毀中遇難。

　　it is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.

　　2. 用于通告標(biāo)題廣告等的被動(dòng)態(tài)往往省去助動(dòng)詞be。

　　e.g. no chinese spoken here.

　　shoes repaired.

　　famous painting stolen. 名畫(huà)被盜。

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