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職稱英語(yǔ)理工類b級(jí)考試真題(3)
第三篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛獸) don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的) old age1.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity (圈養(yǎng)) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for me researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木場(chǎng)),over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖癥) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖) successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. 41 Unlike other animals in zoos, zoo-raised elephants
A live a long life
B give birth to many babies
C develop poor health
D have difficulty getting food
42 Which of the following about the international scientists' study is NOT true?
A They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.
B They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.
C The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.
D They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
43 It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants
A lived longer.
B grew up faster.
C died much earlier.
D enjoyed the same life spans.
44 One of the possible reasons for the Zoo-raised elephants' problems is that
A they do not get enough exercise.
B they do too much exercise.
C they live in large herds.
D they do not live in family groups.
45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
B Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.
C It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.
D Elephants are no longer an endangered species.
本題分?jǐn)?shù)(15)
41 C 第二段第二句話 "Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health"，說(shuō)明"生活在動(dòng)物園的大象經(jīng)常會(huì)有不良的健康狀態(tài)"。答案為C。
42 D 第三段第二句話"Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death"，說(shuō)明是動(dòng)物園記錄了有關(guān)大象生活的各個(gè)方面，而不是科學(xué)家做的，所以選項(xiàng) D 不符合文章本意。其余選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文中都有體現(xiàn)。
43 C 第四段中作者向讀者講述了野生雌大象存活的時(shí)間是生活在動(dòng)物園的雌大象存活時(shí)間的三倍，所以答案為 C。
44 D 第五段最后一句話"Social lives of elephants are a1so much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups"，說(shuō)明"生活在動(dòng)物園里的雌大象與野生雌大象不同之處是后者是群居并以家族的方式生活"。答案為D。
45 C 文章最后一段主要講述大象不適宜動(dòng)物園的生活，尤其是最后一句話 "that doesn't appear to be the case with elephant"，說(shuō)明"那不適宜大象的情況"。答案為 C。
第5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46-50 題，每題2 分，共10 分)
下面的短文有5 處空白，短文后有6 個(gè)句子，其中5 個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Flying into History
Whenyou turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrites (名人)are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. _______(46) Manyhistorians agree that Charles Lindberghwas one of the first major
celebrities, or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnescta. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a of flying captured Lindbergh’s degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure(誘惑) imagination. _______(47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts(空中特技).
In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. _______(48) During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize
was worth $25,000—a large amount even by today’s standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. _______(49) On may 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip(簡(jiǎn)易機(jī)場(chǎng))outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor. The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.
When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape(熱烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. _______(50) A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh—the Lindy Hop.Today, The Spirit of St.Louis is pt at the Smithsonian Institute’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
A.He has received a Medal of M, the f United States military decoration.
B.Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on A
C.Working with an aviation company from San Diego, and with financial help from the city of
St.Louis, Lindbergh get a customized (定制的)airplane that could make the journey.
D.Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot,flying out of St. Louis, Missouri.
E. He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.
F. His childhood was not full of fond memories.
第5 部分：補(bǔ)金短文
46 A 第一段是文章的引言，說(shuō)的是當(dāng)今有了電視和雜志這樣的媒體，名人到處可見(jiàn)，但是情況并非一向如此，80 年前收音機(jī)和電影才剛開(kāi)始對(duì)美國(guó)人產(chǎn)生這樣的效應(yīng)，也就是 才能向美國(guó)的公眾介紹宣傳Lindberg 使他成為名人。
47 D 這個(gè)空擋的前一句說(shuō)的是Lindberg 在大學(xué)讀工程學(xué)位，但是飛行吸引了他的想象;其后的一句則講他自己買了飛機(jī)在各地表演空中特技，所以在中間自然應(yīng)該填入他輟學(xué)并移居到 Nebraska 去學(xué)習(xí)飛行這句話。
48 F 前一句說(shuō)Lindberg 參牢，在飛行員班里第一個(gè)畢業(yè)，這樣正好接上Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St. Louis，Missouri. 這句話。
49 B 前面一句講了 Lindberg 覺(jué)得要完成這次飛行自己的技術(shù)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但并非任何一架飛機(jī)都能飛這么遠(yuǎn)。所以下面就接上他找到了San Diego 的一家飛行器公司定做了一架飛機(jī)。
50 C 六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是和他回到美國(guó)后得到的榮譽(yù)有關(guān)的。
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to (55) mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6.
Participants were divided into three (57): never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58); smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy，sad. or depressed; felt hopeless about the future;felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (60) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms (61)teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are (62) higher risk of depressive symptoms."
The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better." It's (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.
51.A diagnose B increase C examine D treat
52.A financial B material C emotional D political
53.A Whatever B Although C Since D If
54.A road B term C journey D distance
55.A affect B judge C lead D study
56.A located B moved C exposed D mixed
57.A groups B sets C species D versions
58.A beauty B state C world D activity
59.A time B courage C trouble D energy
60.A tellers B improvers C creators D designers
61.A not B than C but D that
62.A at B in C about D without
63.A association B cooperation C difference D agreement
64.A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely
65.A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly
本題分?jǐn)?shù)(15)
第6 部分：完形填空
51 B 本題考察單詞意思。選項(xiàng) A 為"診斷";選項(xiàng) B 為"增加";選項(xiàng) C 為 "檢查"; 選項(xiàng) D 為"對(duì)待、治療"。從題意來(lái)看，本句要表達(dá)的意思是研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)吸煙會(huì)加重青少年的抑郁癥狀。答案為 B。
52 C 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為: A為"金融的，財(cái)政的";B 為"物質(zhì)的，材料的";C 為"感情的，情感的";D 為"政治的"。從句意來(lái)看，本句表達(dá)了"這是為數(shù)不多的質(zhì)疑青少年情感受益于吸煙的觀點(diǎn)的研究"。答案選擇 C。
53 B 全句的意思是"盡管香煙可能看起來(lái)能有自我治療的作用，或者可以改善情緒,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些從青少年就開(kāi)始吸煙的人的抑郁癥狀更明顯"。本題應(yīng)該選擇讓步狀語(yǔ)的連接詞 although。選項(xiàng) A 為"無(wú)論什么";選項(xiàng) C 為"自從";選項(xiàng) D 為"如果"。
54 B 參考上題句意解釋。in the long term 意為"從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看"。其他選項(xiàng)與 long 搭配，意思不符合題意。答案為 D.
55 A 本句話的意思是"作為研究的一部分，662 名十幾歲的高中生完成了有關(guān)他們利用香煙來(lái)影響其情緒的 20 個(gè)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查"。選項(xiàng) A為"影響";選項(xiàng) B 為"判斷";選項(xiàng) C 為"引導(dǎo)";選項(xiàng) D 為"學(xué)習(xí)、研究"。從句意判斷本題答案為 A。
56 A 本句要表達(dá)的意思是"一些英、法學(xué)生混合的中學(xué)被選為研究對(duì)象，其中包括城市和鄉(xiāng)村的學(xué)校，同時(shí)這些學(xué)校坐落在經(jīng)濟(jì)水平高、中、低不同的地區(qū)"，所以本題答案為A "坐落于"。選項(xiàng) B 為"移動(dòng)、遷移";選項(xiàng) C 為"展示、暴露";選項(xiàng) D 為"混合"。
57 A 本句話的意思是"參與者被分成了三個(gè)不同的組"。選項(xiàng) A 為"組、組群";選項(xiàng) B 為"套";選項(xiàng) C 為"種類"選項(xiàng) D 為"版本"。答案為 A。
58 B 從句意"不用香煙來(lái)進(jìn)行自我治療、改善情緒或者身體狀態(tài)的吸煙者"來(lái)看，本題答案應(yīng)為B "狀態(tài)"。選項(xiàng) A 為"美麗";選項(xiàng) C 為"世界";選項(xiàng) D 為"活動(dòng)"，都不符合文章本意。
59 C 本句是要表述"研究者通過(guò)對(duì)受試者失眠情況的調(diào)查檢測(cè)他們的抑郁狀況"。選項(xiàng) A為"時(shí)間";選項(xiàng) B為"勇氣";選項(xiàng) C 為"麻煩";選項(xiàng) D 為"能量"。從句意判斷，本題答案為 C.
60 B 本句意為"那些使用香煙作為情緒改善者的吸煙者比那些從不吸煙的青少年要容易有抑郁癥狀"。選項(xiàng) A 為"告知者";選項(xiàng) B為"改善者";選項(xiàng) C 為"創(chuàng)造者";選項(xiàng)D 為 "設(shè)計(jì)者"。答案為 B。
61 B 參考上題句意解釋。本句中有比較的成分，選項(xiàng) B 符合題意。
62 A 本句中 at the risk of 為一個(gè)詞組，意為 "有……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"。答案為 A。其余各選項(xiàng)不符合詞組意思。
63 A 選項(xiàng) A 為"聯(lián)合";選項(xiàng) B 為"合作";選項(xiàng) C 為"不同"; 選項(xiàng) D 為"一致"。從句意來(lái)看，本句意為"既抑郁又吸煙的人主要是那些用香煙來(lái)使自己感覺(jué)好點(diǎn)的青少年"。只有 A 符合題意。
64 B 參考上題句意解釋。選項(xiàng) B "主要地"符合題意。選項(xiàng) A 為"很可能";選項(xiàng) C 為 "偶然地";選項(xiàng) D 為"幾乎不、剛剛"，都不符合題意。
65 A 從句意來(lái)看，本句要表達(dá)的意思是"強(qiáng)調(diào)那些青少年認(rèn)為自己的情緒因吸煙而好轉(zhuǎn)。
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職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B真題及答案10-25