基于ISM的公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災害應急機制構(gòu)建

摘要： 公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災害應急機制是保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全和降低災害破壞程度的有效手段,為了科學、合理地構(gòu)建公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災害應急機制,運用系統(tǒng)工程理論,采用結(jié)構(gòu)解釋模型(ISM)方法確認并分析了應急機制構(gòu)成的主要要素及其相互影響關系,建立了多層遞階解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型.應用該模型,對應急機制體系進行了分析,將相關要素進行了分級,并分析了要素之間的縱向和橫向關系.構(gòu)成公路突發(fā)地質(zhì)災害應急機制的8個要素被劃分成5個層次.應急預案是應急機制構(gòu)建的綜合成果,對減災和防止次生災害的發(fā)生起著直接的作用;而應急預案能否發(fā)揮其應有的作用,還受到后勤保障和實施速度的影響;會商機制可以有效的保證后勤保障和實施速度;險情監(jiān)測、安全隱患檢查、災害調(diào)查又為會商的順利進行提供了大量的資料和數(shù)據(jù);而信息機制又是這些要素的基礎.要素問的相互關系被清晰的揭示,為公路應急機制體系的建設和完善提供了科學依據(jù). Abstract： An effective response system for emergent geological hazard events could save casualty and property loss.In order to build a scientific emergency response system for the geological accidents,a multi-level recursive interpretation structure model was established,based on system engineering theory and using ISM to analyze the main elements of emergency response and their relationships.With assistance of the model,emergency-response system was analyzed and the interrelated factors of the system were classified.Both longitudinal and latitudinal relationships between the factors were fully analyzed.There were eight elements in the system,each of them divided into 5 levels.Emergency plan was a comprehensive fruit of the system construction,which directly took effect in damage reduction and seconddisaster prevention,but it was affected by logistic support and implementation speed.But consultation could ensure logistic support and implantation speed,which was supported by dangerous situation monitoring.hidden risk check and hazard investigation.And information transmission system was the base of all the elements.The relationships between the elements were clearly revealed,providing a scientific basis for construction of the emergency response system on highway. 作 者： 桂嵐    李躍軍    GUI Lan    LI Yue-jun   作者單位： 桂嵐,GUI Lan(長沙理工大學交通運輸學院,湖南長沙,410070)

李躍軍,LI Yue-jun(中南大學土木建筑工程學院,湖南長沙410075;湖南省交通科學研究院,湖南,長沙410015) 

期 刊： 中國地質(zhì)災害與防治學報    Journal： THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD AND CONTROL  年，卷(期)： 2010, 21(1)  分類號： X951 P694  關鍵詞： 公路    突發(fā)地質(zhì)災害    應急機制    減災    ISM    Keywords： highway    geological disasters    emergency response    disaster reduction    ISM(Interpretation structure model)   

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